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Gear Pumps

$ 2,125.00$ 6,879.00

Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that are used in a variety of industries for efficient and reliable fluid transfer.  These pumps feature two meshing gears, an external or internal configuration, and are capable of handling different viscosities.  With their compact size and self-priming capabilities, gear pumps deliver a consistent flow and are ideal for applications requiring precise flow control.  They are widely used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, automotive, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, printing, and hydraulic systems.  Gear pumps offer a simple and reliable design, making them easy to maintain and operate.

Description

Gear PumpsGear Pumps use the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement.

Gear pumps are also widely used in chemical installations to pump high-viscosity fluids.  There are two main variations; external gear pumps which use two external spur gears, and internal gear pumps which use external and internal spur gears (internal spur gear teeth face inwards, see below).

Finally, the pumps are positive displacement (or fixed displacement), meaning they pump a constant amount of fluid for each revolution.  Some gear pumps are designed to function as either a motor or a pump.

Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that are widely used in various industries for transferring fluids at a constant flow rate.  Additionally, these pumps consist of two meshing gears, known as the driving gear or the rotor and the driven gear or the idler.

Rotations

Moreover, the gears rotate in opposite directions within a tightly fitted casing, creating sealed pockets between their teeth and the pump housing.  Finally, as the gears rotate, the fluid is drawn in through the pump’s inlet and trapped within the gear teeth.  The fluid is then carried around the casing and discharged through the pump’s outlet.

Gear pumps are known for their simplicity and reliability, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including hydraulic systems, oil and gas industries, chemical processing plants, and automotive systems.  They are capable of handling different types of fluids, such as liquids with low to moderate viscosities, and they can generate high-pressure outputs efficiently.

Self-Priming

One of the key advantages of gear pumps is their self-priming capability.  This means that they can create a vacuum in the pump casing to draw in fluid from the inlet, eliminating the need for external priming.  This feature makes gear pumps particularly useful in situations where the pump may be located above the fluid level or where a continuous flow is required.

Gear pumps can be classified into two main types:  External gear pumps and internal gear pumps.  External gear pumps consist of two identical gears meshing externally, whereas internal gear pumps have one gear with external teeth and another gear with internal teeth. Both types have their unique advantages and applications.

External Gear Pumps

External gear pumps are commonly used for lower-viscosity fluids and applications that require moderate pressures.  As well as that, they are compact, efficient, and available in a wide range of sizes and configurations, making them suitable for various industrial processes.  Besides, they can handle flows ranging from a few liters per minute to several thousand liters per minute.

Internal Gear Pumps

Internal gear pumps, on the other hand, are preferred for handling higher-viscosity fluids and applications that require higher pressures.  As a result, they are designed with a crescent-shaped partition between the gears, which helps create a partial vacuum and improves the pump’s efficiency.  Additionally, internal gear pumps are known for their smooth and pulseless flow characteristics, making them suitable for applications that require precise flow control.

Gear pumps are also known for their inherent ability to handle abrasive and non-lubricating fluids.  Besides, the close tolerances between the gear teeth and the pump housing minimize leakage and reduce wear, making them well-suited for pumping fluids that contain solid particles or have low lubricating properties.  However, the close tolerances also mean that gear pumps can be sensitive to contaminants and may require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity.

Maintenance

In terms of maintenance, gear pumps are relatively easy to maintain compared to other types of pumps.  Furthermore, routine maintenance typically involves checking for leaks, replacing worn seals or gaskets, and periodically lubricating the gears and bearings.  In addition to this, the simplicity of the gear pump design also means that repairs can be carried out quickly, minimizing downtime and reducing overall costs.

It is worth noting that advancements in pump technology, such as the introduction of variable frequency drives and intelligent control systems, have further enhanced the performance and efficiency of the pumps.  These technologies allow for precise control of pump speed, enabling operators to optimize flow rates and reduce energy consumption.

Reliability

In summary, gear pumps are reliable, versatile, and efficient pumping devices used for a wide range of industrial applications.  Their positive displacement design, self-priming capability, and ability to handle various types of fluids make them an excellent choice for transferring fluids in a consistent and controlled manner.  With regular maintenance and proper operation, gear pumps can provide long-lasting performance in demanding environments.

Furthermore, gear pumps offer several key advantages that contribute to their widespread use in various industries.  Firstly, gear pumps are known for their high volumetric efficiency.  This means that they can deliver a consistent amount of fluid per revolution, resulting in a predictable and continuous flow.  The precise meshing of the gear teeth and the tight clearances in the pump casing minimize slippage and ensures efficient fluid transfer.

Another notable advantage of gear pumps is their ability to handle high-pressure applications.  By choosing materials with high strength and wear resistance for the gear teeth and pump housing, gear pumps can generate significant pressure differentials.  This makes them suitable for tasks such as transferring fluids over long distances or pushing fluids through a system with resistance, such as a hydraulic circuit or a fluid distribution network.

Design

Moreover, gear pumps are relatively compact and have a simple, straightforward design. Their compact size and versatility allow them to be easily integrated into existing systems or mounted directly onto equipment.  This simplicity also makes gear pumps easy to install and maintain, reducing the need for complex setup procedures or extensive training.

Additionally, the pumps have a wide operating range and can handle fluids with viscosities ranging from low to moderate.  This means that they can efficiently transport fluids with different consistencies, such as oils, fuels, lubricants, solvents, and even certain slurry-like substances.  The ability to handle different types of fluids makes the pumps highly adaptable to a variety of industries and applications.

It is also worth mentioning that gear pumps have a relatively smooth and pulseless flow output.  This makes them ideal for applications where a continuous and uniform flow rate is necessary, such as in chemical dosing systems, lubrication systems, and metering applications.  The consistent flow eliminates the need for additional flow regulators or dampeners, simplifying the overall system design.

Limitations

As with any technology, gear pumps do have some limitations to consider.  For instance, they may not be suitable for applications requiring extremely high flow rates or handling highly corrosive or abrasive fluids.  In such cases, alternative pump technologies, like centrifugal pumps or diaphragm pumps, may be more appropriate.  It is essential to evaluate the specific requirements of a given application to determine the most suitable pump type.

Despite these limitations, gear pumps have been widely adopted across numerous industries due to their reliability, efficiency, and versatility.  With the continuous advancement of pump technology, including the potential advancements, pumps are likely to see further improvements in efficiency, durability, and performance, making them even more valuable assets in fluid transfer systems.

In conclusion, gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that provide consistent and controlled fluid transfer in various industries.  Their simple design, compact size, self-priming capability, and ability to handle different types of fluids make them highly versatile and widely used.  The pumps offer high volumetric efficiency, can generate high-pressure differentials, and have a smooth and pulseless flow output.  While pumps have certain limitations, their reliability and ease of maintenance make them an attractive choice for many applications.

Theory of operation

As the gears rotate they separate on the intake side of the pump, creating a void and suction which is filled by fluid.  The fluid is carried by the gears to the discharge side of the pump, where the meshing of the gears displaces the fluid.

Also, the mechanical clearances are small— in the order of 10 μm. The tight clearances, along with the speed of rotation, effectively prevent the fluid from leaking backward.

Gear_pump_exploded

 

Also, the rigid design of the gears and houses allows for very high pressures and the ability to pump highly viscous fluids.

In addition, many variations exist, including; helical and herringbone gear sets (instead of spur gears), lobe-shaped rotors similar to Roots blowers (commonly used as superchargers), and mechanical designs that allow the stacking of pumps.

Furthermore, the most common variations are shown below (the drive gear is shown blue and the idler is shown purple).

There are two main types of pumps, external pumps and internal gear pumps. Let’s explore each of them in more detail:

External Gear Pumps

    • External pumps are the most common type of gear pump.  They consist of two identical spur gears that mesh externally and rotate in opposite directions within a pump casing.
    • The driving gear, also known as the rotor or the idler, transfers the motion to the driven gear.
    • As the gears rotate, fluid is drawn into the pump through the inlet port and gets trapped in the gears’ tooth spaces.  The fluid is then carried around the casing and discharged through the outlet port.
    • External pumps are known for their compact size, simplicity, and high efficiency.
    • They are commonly used for low to moderate-viscosity fluids and applications that require moderate pressures.
    • External pumps can handle a wide range of flow rates, from small to high capacities.

Internal Gear Pumps

    • Internal gear pumps have one gear with external teeth and another gear with internal teeth, creating a crescent-shaped partition between the gears.
    • The driving gear, also known as the rotor, transfers the motion to the driven gear.
    • The fluid enters the pump through the inlet port and gets trapped in the spaces between the gear teeth and the casing’s internal surface.
    • As the gears rotate, the fluid is carried around the casing and discharged through the outlet port.
    • Internal pumps are often preferred for handling higher-viscosity fluids and applications that require higher pressures.
    • They provide smooth and pulseless flow output, making them suitable for applications that require precise flow control.
    • The crescent-shaped partition in internal gear pumps helps create a partial vacuum, enhancing the pump’s efficiency and reducing leakage.

Both types of gear pumps have their unique advantages and applications.  External pumps are commonly used for lower-viscosity fluids and moderate-pressure applications, while internal pumps are preferred for higher-viscosity fluids and higher-pressure applications.  The choice between the two depends on the specific requirements of the application, including the fluid properties, flow rates, and pressure conditions.

Advantages of Gear Pumps

Simple and Reliable Design

The pumps have a straightforward design with fewer moving parts, making them reliable and easy to operate.  Their simplicity also contributes to easy maintenance and repairs.

Positive Displacement Operation

The pumps are positive displacement pumps, which means they deliver a consistent volume of fluid per revolution.  This makes them suitable for applications requiring precise flow control and metering.

Self-Priming Capability

The pumps are self-priming, meaning they can create a vacuum to draw fluids into the pump without the need for external priming.  This feature is beneficial when the pump is located above the fluid level or when a continuous flow is required.

Compact Size

The pumps are often compact, allowing for easy integration into existing systems or mounting directly onto equipment.  Their small footprint makes them versatile and suitable for various applications.

Ability to Handle Different Fluid Viscosities

The pumps can handle a wide range of fluid viscosities, from low to moderate.  This makes them suitable for transferring different types of fluids, including oils, lubricants, fuels, and certain slurry-like substances.

Disadvantages of Gear Pumps

Limited High-Pressure Capability

The pumps may have limitations when it comes to handling extremely high pressures. Other pump types, like reciprocating pumps or multistage centrifugal pumps, may be more suitable for applications that require very high pressures.

Sensitivity to Contaminants

The close tolerances between the gear teeth and the pump casing make gear pumps more sensitive to contaminants in the fluid.  This can lead to potential wear and performance issues.  Regular maintenance and proper filtration systems are necessary to prevent damage and maintain optimal performance.

Potential Leakage

Due to the nature of gear pumps, there may be a small amount of internal leakage.  This leakage would be between the gear teeth and the pump casing.  This can affect the overall efficiency and require closer monitoring and maintenance.

Limited Flow Rate ranges

While the pumps can handle a wide range of flow rates, they may face limitations at extremely low or high flow rates.  For very high flow rates, other pump types like centrifugal pumps may be better suited.

Limited Suitability for Corrosive Liquids

The pumps may not be the best choice for handling highly corrosive fluids, as the materials used in gear pumps may not be compatible with aggressive chemicals.  In such cases, alternative pump types with specialized corrosion-resistant materials are recommended.

It’s important to consider these advantages and disadvantages in the context of the specific application requirements.  This is to determine the most suitable pump type for a given situation.

The pumps are widely used in a variety of industries and applications due to their versatility and ability to handle different fluids and viscosities.  Some of the industries served by gear pumps include:

Oil and Gas

These pumps are commonly used in the oil and gas industry for tasks such as transferring.  This is crude oil, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, and other petroleum-based fluids.  They are also employed in hydraulic systems for controlling pressure, lubricating moving parts, and circulating fluids in drilling operations.

Chemical Processing

In chemical processing plants, these pumps play a crucial role in the transportation of various chemicals.  Chemicals like solvents, acids, and corrosive liquids.  Their ability to handle different viscosities, including thick and abrasive fluids, makes them suitable for dosing, mixing, and metering applications.

Automotive

The pumps are utilized in automotive systems for tasks such as engine lubrication, fuel transfer, and transmission fluid circulation.  They are critical components in the hydraulic systems of vehicles.  This ensures proper operation and control of functions like power steering, braking, and suspension.

Food and Beverage

The pumps find application in the food and beverage industry for handling products.  This includes sauces, syrups, vegetable oils, and other viscous liquids.  They are commonly used in food processing, bottling, and packaging processes where precise dosing and continuous flow are essential.

Pharmaceuticals

The pumps are utilized in pharmaceutical manufacturing to transfer fluids, and mix ingredients.  This is to control the flow rates in drug manufacturing processes.  Their ability to handle a wide range of fluid viscosities and provide accurate dosing.  This makes them suitable for small-scale and large-scale pharmaceutical production.

Printing and Ink Industries

Gear pumps are extensively used in printing and ink applications for precise ink transfer and circulation.  They ensure a consistent flow of ink to printing heads, enabling high-quality and accurate printing.

Paints and Coatings

The pumps are employed in the paints and coatings industry to transfer and meter various types of coatings.  This includes paints, primers, varnishes, and adhesives.  The precise flow control and ability to handle different viscosities.  This makes gear pumps essential in achieving a uniform and even coating.

Hydraulic Systems

The pumps are vital components of hydraulic systems in a wide range of industries, including construction, manufacturing, and heavy machinery.  They provide the necessary pressure and flow for powering hydraulic cylinders, motors, and actuators, enabling the controlled movement and operation of equipment.

These are just a few examples of the many industries that benefit from the use of gear pumps.  Their reliability, precision, and ability to handle different fluids make them indispensable in numerous fluid transfer and control applications.

An external precision pump is usually limited to a maximum working pressure of 210 bars (21,000 kPa) and a maximum speed of 3,000 rpm. 

Furthermore, suction and pressure ports need to interface where the gears mesh (shown as dim gray lines in the internal pump images).  Some internal pumps have an additional, crescent-shaped seal (shown above, right).

Gear Pumps formulas:

Flow rate in US gal/min = Pump Capacity X rpm

Power in hp = US gal/min X (lbf/in³)/1714

Also, Gear Pumps are used in:

  • Petrochemicals:  Pure or filled bitumen, pitch, diesel oil, crude oil, lube oil, etc.
  • Chemicals:  Sodium silicate, acids, plastics, mixed chemicals, isocyanates, etc.
  • Paint and ink.
  • Resins and adhesives.
  • Pulp and paper:  Acid, soap, lye, black liquor, kaolin, lime, latex, sludge, etc.
  • Food:  Chocolate, cacao butter, fillers, sugar, vegetable fats and oils, molasses, animal food etc.

Additional information

Weight 25 lbs
Dimensions 24 × 20 × 20 in
Flow Rate (GPM)

0-3, 0-7.5, 0-15, 0-30, 0-60, 0-120

Connection Ends

NPT Threaded, Flanged, Triclamp

Specifications

Materials of Composition Available:  304SS, 316SS and Carbon Steel.

 

Drawings

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